Tourism Policy and Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tourism Policy and Planning - Essay Example At the end of the study we will provide with certain recommendations that could prove to be innovative for improving the tourism business of the area. Contents Introduction (2895 words) 3 Substantive Content 4 Political Implication of the city 4 Recent economic implications 5 Social and labor markets 7 SWOT ANALYSIS of the destination 8 PESTEL framework of the destination 10 Conclusion 12 Recommendation 13 5 possible alternative courses of action 13 Reference 15 Introduction (2895 words) In the Northeastern region of the USA is located the state of New York. Within the New York state is located the New York City which is known as the most densely populated city of the United States and it is the hub of the New York urban region. It is the largest metropolitan within the entire United States. The city is situated on the southern regions of the New York State on the banks of the river Hudson. During the year 1609, an English explorer and navigator named Henry Hudson travelled by water through the Hudson River which was named after him. The course of the river that passes through the Manhattan Island is called as North River. Five years from then a permanent dwelling developed around that region which later on came to be known as New York however originally it used to be recognized by the Dutch governors as the New Amsterdam. It was known that one of the Dutch Governors named Peter Minuit bought Islands of Manhattan from the Indians for a deal of trinkets, beads and buttons. A navy was sent by the Great Britain’s Duke of York in 1664 that peacefully detained the Dutch without any violence and baptized the settlement in a tribute of the duke. The control of the city passed on to the young members of the Nation at the conclusion of the Revolutionary War (Burrows & Wallace, 1998, p.14). George Washington had been selected as the then president and the occasion was inaugurated in New York’s old City lobby. Congress gathered and continued their stay in Ne w York ranging from 1785 to 1790. During 1898, the Greater New York was taken under some agreement and the city got expanded to comprise 5 boroughs namely Manhattan, Bronx, Queens, Staten Island and Brooklyn. The city is also known as â€Å"The Big Apple†. It is a major a world leader and a global capital in the domains of communications, finance and arts. The harbor of New York is one of the most excellent in the globe and has been ranked as the biggest port compound on the East Coast. New York City is the home for the United Nations and includes the headquarters of a large number of important organizations from across the world. The city is considered to be a significant spot for fashion, advertising, shooting, radio broadcasting, publishing etc. by the important firms across the entire world. Substantive Content Political Implication of the city The  government of  city  is controlled under the Charter of the City and offers for a "well-built"  mayor-council arrang ement. The administration of the state is more nationalized than that of the majority of the other cities of U.S, by means of the city administration being accountable for the correctional institutions, education of the public, public safety, libraries, sanitation, recreational facilities, welfare services and water supply. The  mayor  gets  elected  for a term of a 4 years and remains in charge of the administrative functions of the government

The Deliberate-Emergent Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Deliberate-Emergent Strategy - Essay Example 260). Five years later, Mintzberg (1990) wrote a critique of the 'design school' generally associated with the Harvard Business School where Porter was a faculty member (Mintzberg was then a professor at Canada's McGill University). Before going into the essence of the discussions, a brief explanation is in order as to what Mintzberg meant when he distinguished these two methods - deliberate and emergent - of formulating strategy, also known as defining 'long-term' organisational objectives. Deliberate strategy is a method of formulating strategy following an over-all design dictated by top management that needs to be followed more or less strictly, whilst emergent strategy is a method of developing strategy following a trial and error approach based on general guidelines agreed on by everyone in the organisation (Mintzberg, 1990). Deliberate strategy is a 'top-down' approach, the product of what he called the 'design' or 'planning' school, whilst emergent strategy is its opposite, a process of 'learning by doing' that belongs to the 'learning' or 'emerging strategy' school. Taking up the challenge was Ansoff, one of the 'fathers' of strategic planning (1965), who felt alluded to. He countered with a defence (1991) of the 'design school' and a discussion and critique of Mintzberg's 'emerging strategy' school. Mintzberg responded (1991) by categorising an earlier Ansoff work (1987) as being part of the 'design school' and built upon the basic premises proposed by Andrews (1987). Although Mintzberg (1991) agreed that both emergent learning and deliberate planning are necessary for good strategy formulation, he defends his initial position that in a fast-changing world characterised by the rise of knowledge workers, learning organisations, and ever-shifting markets, the top-down deliberate strategy approach must be balanced by placing greater attention on emergent strategy techniques. Up next inside the ring was Goold (1992), a Boston Consulting Group (BCG) consultant who elaborated upon and defended his and BCG's role in Honda's development of a successful motorcycle strategy. He acknowledged the differences between the planning (deliberate) and learning (emergent) approaches but counselled that synthesis and collaboration, rather than conflict, are most appropriate for the continued development of the discipline, a view that Porter (1996) and Mintzberg (with Lampel, 1999) supported. A thorough study and analyses of the academic papers surrounding the debate would show that, in reality, there may be no grounds for conflict as the arguments proposed by both schools seem equally sound and reasonable. To better understand why, it would be necessary to develop a clear understanding (Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington, 2005) of strategy, strategy formulation, and strategic management and implementation (or execution). Strategy comes from the Greek word strategos meaning "art of the general" and implies its initial application in warfare (Watson, 1993, p. 26). Strategic planning involves knowing what to do in the future and is also called "long-range planning", but before an